![]() ![]() This poses a significant challenge to the broad commercial and sustainable implementation of conjugated polymers and relative electronic devices. However, the conventional processing methods of conjugated polymers often involve hazardous solvents like chlorinated, aromatic, or highly volatile solvents, which can be toxic, flammable, and harmful to people and the environment. These unique characteristics make them highly valuable for applications in various industries, such as displays 5, 6, 7, energy harvesting/storage 8, 9, 10, 11, sensing 12, 13, 14, and healthcare 15, 16, 17. Similar content being viewed by othersĬonjugated polymers combine the easy solution processability, mechanical flexibility, lightweight, and versatile chemical synthesis of polymers with the electrical proprieties of traditional semiconductors 1, 2, 3, 4. Our findings demonstrate that GSET offers a promising avenue to develop water-based conductive inks for various applications in organic electronics. These waterborne conductive films have technological implications for realizing high-performance organic solar cells, with efficiency and stability superior to conventional metal oxide electron transport layers, and organic electrochemical neurons with biorealistic firing frequency. This approach enables macromolecular charge-transfer salts with 10,000× higher electrical conductivities than pristine polymers, low work function, and excellent thermal/solvent stability. Here, we demonstrate that ground-state electron transfer (GSET) between donor and acceptor polymers allows the processing of water-insoluble polymers from water. ![]() However, these chemical approaches are not always feasible and can lead to poor material/device performance. Traditional methods to produce waterborne conductive polymers involve modifying their backbone with hydrophilic side chains or using surfactants to form and stabilize aqueous nanoparticle dispersions. Water-based conductive inks are vital for the sustainable manufacturing and widespread adoption of organic electronic devices. Nature Communications volume 14, Article number: 8454 ( 2023) Ground-state electron transfer in all-polymer donor:acceptor blends enables aqueous processing of water-insoluble conjugated polymers ![]()
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